河北省蔬菜秸秆生物反应堆技术应用现状及效果分析

介绍了河北省秸秆生物反应堆技术应用现状和建造技术要点,并对其应用效果和前景进行了分析。     

ABR反应器处理山梨酸废水的启动试验

[目的]寻找经济、有效的山梨酸废水的处理工艺。[方法]采用ABR高效厌氧反应器,进行山梨酸生产废水的启动试验。[结果]在35℃条件下,经历190d,成功地完成对ABR反应器的启动。进水COD容积负荷由0.26kg/（m3.d）增加到2.16kg/（m3.d）,COD去除率达到93%,挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）和pH值也达到要求。在ABR反应器中形成大量性能良好的颗粒污泥,其尺度介于2～5mm。电镜分析表明,不同隔室内呈现种群配合良好的厌氧微生物分布,且各隔室中的颗粒污泥形状各异,表面凸凹不平,存在气孔。第1隔室存在大量优势发酵细菌,沿水流方向颗粒污泥中的微生物逐渐向产甲烷细菌菌群过渡。[结论]好氧处理前先采用厌氧法进行处理,可以完成ABR反应器处理山梨酸生产废水的启动。     

秸秆生物反应堆技术的应用对设施黄瓜土壤微生物的影响

通过引进微生物制剂对设施黄瓜枯萎病进行生态调控研究。结果表明,在黄瓜生长前期和中期,秸秆生物反应堆处理土壤微生物结构由易发病的真菌型向有利于蔬菜生长的细菌型转变,即真菌数量几乎维持不变,但细菌和放线菌数量增加较快,后期则变化不大。使用秸秆生物反应堆技术,可提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用率,使土壤生理代谢活力增强,改变土壤营养条件,使其朝着有利于作物生长的方向进行。     

Features of Hydrolysis acidogenosis Reactor in Concentric Structure and Its Pilot scale Application

A novel hydrolysis acidification reactor in concentric structure was designed and developed, which could improve the biodegradability of wastewater effectively by the enhancement of the mixture performance due to the stirring and reflux. The pilot scale study showed that the COD removal rate could reach over 46% and 36% respectively treating the two different kinds of refractory wastewater. Moreover, the reactor could cut down the operational cost through the variation of the operation mode. According to the comparison with other hydrolysis acidification reactors, the result showed that a 6 percentage point of improvement in COD removal could be reached to the novel hydrolysis acidification reactor.     

玉米淀粉浸泡水的回用及内循环反应器的应用——以我国西北某企业为例

玉米淀粉生产废水属高浓度有机废水,可生化性好,处理难度大。以我国西北某玉米淀粉生产企业为例,采用离子交换柱将玉米浸泡水提取菲叮,玉米浸泡水回用率达到100%,并在原污水处理站工艺上增加了IC(内循环)反应器,使处理后污水目标水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准,大大减少污染物的排放,对控制玉米淀粉生产废水的污染有重要借鉴意义。     

A/O工艺处理猪场厌氧发酵液研究（摘要）

[目的]提供一种快速、稳定、高效的猪场废水处理技术。[方法]通过厌氧/好氧（A/O）反应器处理猪场厌氧发酵液试验,研究了A/O处理猪场厌氧发酵液的启动过程。启动分两个阶段：第一阶段,厌氧（A）、好氧（O）段各自独立培养优势菌群。A/O反应器采用分别启动的方式在各自阶段性反应器中培养优势污泥,即O段好氧反应器先进水,O段运行方式为：曝气6 h,静沉1 h,闲置1 h,DO为0.15 mg/L左右。温度控制在（32±2）℃。出水再补充一定量葡萄糖后加入A段缺氧反应器。A段运行方式为：搅拌2 h,静沉1 h,闲置1 h,DO为3.00 mg/L左右;进水采用稀释15倍后的发酵液,当COD去除率达到80%并稳定运行14 d后,反应器中加入稀释倍数减少1倍的发酵液,直到COD和NH_4~＋-N的去除率稳定在80%时认为此阶段完成。第二阶段,A、O联合启动,逐步提高进水负荷,继续对微生物培养与驯化。当进水的COD和NH_4~＋-N去除率保持在80%以上时,将两个阶段性反应器并二沉池连接起来,设定内循环回流比和污泥回流比为2：1,停留时间为12 h,曝气量为0.50 m~3/h。溶解氧浓度为3～4 mg/L。将发酵液按一定比例稀释后加入反应器,直到全部进水为发酵液,此阶段历时32 d结束。试验过程中需要分析的项目及方法：COD,快速密闭催化消解法;NH_4~＋-N浓度,纳氏试剂分光光度法;NO_3~--N浓度,紫外分光光度法;总氮（TN）,过硫酸钾氧化紫外分光光度法;DO,DO测定仪测量;pH值,便携式pH计测量;温度,水银温度计测量。[结果]当温度为（32±2）℃,回流混合液比和回流污泥比分别为2和1,O段曝气量为0.5 m~3/h时,通过50 d的实际运行,COD、NH_4~＋-N的去除率分别达到89.87%和89.31%,表明反应器启动过程完成。[结论]可为猪场厌氧发酵液无害化技术提供一定的科学依据和借鉴。     

基于相态图像在线检测的RCP轴封内流场试验研究

为了研究反应堆冷却剂主泵动压轴封异常工作状态、验证第三级副密封所处工况条件,开展了轴系温度分布仿真分析.采用微型内窥装置在线获取三级低压泄漏流相态图像,对所得图像进行数值化处理;采用Sobel边沿检测算法求取图像边沿化后的均方差,实现了基于内窥图像的主泵轴封低压泄漏流相态的在线监测.通过提高密封第三级泄漏背压,改善浮动...     

无机碳源对生物絮团降氮及沉降性能的影响

利用异位生物絮团反应器,分别在有机碳源存在(第Ⅰ阶段,持续21 d)和有机碳源缺失(第Ⅱ阶段,持续21 d)阶段,比较研究了无机碳源(NaHCO_3)浓度为0.0 (对照组),0.5,1.0和1.5 g/L的模拟养殖废水对反应器生物絮团降氮及沉降性能的影响。结果显示,第Ⅰ阶段对照组出水氨氮浓度显著高于其他处理组,但总体上呈先下降后稳定的趋势,各组亚硝态氮和硝态氮均有少量积累;生物絮团生物量及沉降速度对照组显著低于处理组,处理组之间差异不显著。第Ⅱ阶段各组出水的氨氮、亚硝态氮浓度无显著差异,对照组硝态氮浓度高于各处理组,氨氮浓度迅速下降;此阶段生物絮团的生物量、沉降速度有所下降,NaHCO_3浓度为1.0 g/L处理组表现出较好的沉降效果;粒径分布也趋向均匀。整个实验阶段,不同浓度无机碳源处理条件下,氨氮的去除效率均达到97.8%以上,亚硝态氮无显著积累,处理组生物絮团沉降速度和生物量显著高于对照组。研究表明,添加无机碳源可提高生物絮团降氮性能,增强其沉降速度;移除有机碳源后,生物絮团反应器可维持氨氮去除能力,但引起硝态氮积累,生物絮团生物量减少;有机碳源缺失时,无机碳源(≥0.5 g/L)有助于生物絮团反应器保持其氨氮去除能力。     

浅析生物质快速热裂解反应器

[目的]研究生物质快速热裂解反应器。[方法]根据文献资料对现行几种主流热裂解反应器做了详细的介绍,并对新兴的斜板槽式反应器做了简要介绍。[结果]反应器是生物质快速热裂解液化技术的核心,不同的反应器类型决定了不同的工艺类型和工艺参数,目前热裂解反应器普遍还存在一些问题,实现工业化高效节能生产还不容易;斜板槽反应器作为一种新的尝试,其有一定的优势,但也存在着许多问题,需要进一步改进。[结论]该研究为生物质能代替常规能源提供理论依据。     

Phosphorus release from vivianite and hydroxyapatite by organic and inorganic compounds

Based on recent mining rates and the exhaustion of global phosphorus(P)reserves,there is a need to mobilize P already stored in soils,and its recovery from secondary resources such as Ca-and Fe-phosphates is important.The Ca-phosphate hydroxyapatite forms a good fertilizer source,while vivianite is formed in waterlogged soils and sediments.During sludge treatment,the formation of vivianite has been identified,being mainly Fe-phosphate.Long-term P release from both hydroxyapatite and vivianite was studied using different inorganic(CaCl2 and CaSO4)and organic(citric and humic acid)reagents during batch experiments.Reagents CaCl2 and CaSO4 represent the soil solution,while citric and humic acids as organic constituents affect P availability in the rhizosphere and during the process of humification.Additionally,the flow-through reactor(FTR)technique with an infinite sink was used to study the long-term P release kinetics.The cumulative P release was higher by organic acids than by inorganic compounds.The cumulative P release rates were higher in the FTR with CaCl2 as compared to the batch technique.The infinite sink application caused a continuously high concentration gradient between the solid and liquid phases,leading to higher desorption rates as compared to the batch technique.The predominant amount of the total P released over time was available for a short term.While inorganic anion exchange occurred at easily available binding sites,organic acids affected the more heavily available binding sites,which could be embedded within the mineral structure.The results showed that organic compounds,especially citric acid,play a superior role as compared to the inorganic constituents of the soil solution during the recovery of already stored P from the tertiary phosphates vivianite and hydroxyapatite.